Denavit–Hartenberg parameters

In mechanical engineering, the Denavit–Hartenberg parameters (also called DH parameters) are the four parameters associated with a particular convention for attaching reference frames to the links of a spatial kinematic chain, or robot manipulator. In mechanical engineering, the Denavit–Hartenberg parameters (also called DH parameters) are the four parameters associated with a particular convention for attaching reference frames to the links of a spatial kinematic chain, or robot manipulator. Jacques Denavit and Richard Hartenberg introduced this convention in 1955 in order to standardize the coordinate frames for spatial linkages. Richard Paul demonstrated its value for the kinematic analysis of robotic systems in 1981.While many conventions for attaching reference frames have been developed, the Denavit–Hartenberg convention remains a popular approach. A commonly used convention for selecting frames of reference in robotics applications is the Denavit and Hartenberg (D–H) convention which was introduced by Jacques Denavit and Richard S. Hartenberg. In this convention, coordinate frames are attached to the joints between two links such that one transformation is associated with the joint, , and the second is associated with the link . The coordinate transformations along a serial robot consisting of n links form the kinematics equations of the robot,