Trialism

Trialism in philosophy was introduced by John Cottingham as an alternative interpretation of the mind–body dualism of Rene Descartes. Trialism keeps the two substances of mind and body, but introduces a third attribute, emotion, belonging to the union of mind and body. This allows animals, which do not think like humans, to be regarded as having emotions and not as being mere automata. Kong Derick Njikeh has also introduce the term Derician Trialism, in which he maintains the mind and body substances of Rene Descartes, and Substituted the emotion substance of John with the substance he calls Submind. Trialism in philosophy was introduced by John Cottingham as an alternative interpretation of the mind–body dualism of Rene Descartes. Trialism keeps the two substances of mind and body, but introduces a third attribute, emotion, belonging to the union of mind and body. This allows animals, which do not think like humans, to be regarded as having emotions and not as being mere automata. Kong Derick Njikeh has also introduce the term Derician Trialism, in which he maintains the mind and body substances of Rene Descartes, and Substituted the emotion substance of John with the substance he calls Submind. Cottingham introduced trialism after citing that Descartes' account of sensation and imagination has opened his official dualism under considerable pressure. He cited that an evaluation of the Cartesian writings on human psychology there is a grouping of not two but three notions - mind, body, sensation, hence the term trialism. According to cottingham, Descartes added the third category or notion ' alongside thought and extension without proceeding to reify it as a separate substance.' Thinkers such as Daniel Garber and Tad Schmaltz supported this by citing a letter in the correspondence between Descartes and Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia, which indicated that that he changed his mind from a dualistic view. Going in line with the trialism nature of human by Cottingham, Kong Derick Njikeh says that the third substance Sensation is limited in explaining the processes between the Mind and the Body. So, he thinks that the substance Sensation should be replaced with the substance which he calls “Submind” which is involved with the processes of memories, sensations, emotions and reflexes, which lead to what he terms “Derician Trialism” (Mind-Submind-Body trialism). He believe that the mind is involved with high level consciousness, the Submind is involved with low level consciousness and the body has no consciousness. Christian trialism is the doctrine that humans have three separate essences (body, soul, spirit), based on a literal interpretation of 1 Thessalonians 5:23 And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. This doctrine holds the soul to belong to the union of the body and the spirit, which makes it roughly compatible with philosophical trialism. However, the evangelist Kenneth Copeland came under fire by critics such as Hank Hanegraff for extending trialism to each Person in the Trinity, for a total of nine essences.